Microscopic Examination

In microscopic examination, structures such as eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, iris, pupil, lens and vitreous are evaluated. Diseases or impairments of these structures usually bring along some complaints. No matter what the complaint is, it should be taken into consideration. Thanks to early intervention, it is possible to be protected against eye problems that may occur in the future.

Glaucoma Measurement

Regular glaucoma examination is of essential. Closed-angle glaucoma results in complaints such as headache, red eyes, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, eye pain, nausea, etc. Normal glaucoma value is between 10-21 mmHg.

Another type of glaucoma arising from high glaucoma is “Open-Angle” glaucoma. It is very hard to diagnose this disease. Progressing without being noticed, this disease can be detected when the central vision of the patient is affected. Unfortunately, it is impossible to repair the damage this disease has caused to the sight thus far.

Teardrop Tests

Teardrop comprises of three layers; namely fat, water and mucin layers respectively. Each of these layers is secreted by different cells or glands. Teardrop ensures easy eye movement by making the eye lubricious. Furthermore, it protects the eye against microbes, contributes to the nourishment of certain cells in front of the eye and helps us see objects clearly. Any problem regarding teardrop results in eye burning, pain, itching, dryness, bleary eyes and blurred vision. Teardrop problem may arise from lachrymation disorders on its own or sometimes irregularity resulting from ocular diseases. Teardrop examination is conducted with the help of bio-microscope. Teardrop sufficiency is detected by Schirmer test.

Nerve Layer and Optic Nerve

• Nerve layer and optic nerve are not inspected in detail unless they are connected with the complaint of the patient. Some neurological disorders (retinal detachment and degeneration) and risk factors may be detected only after these sections are examined in detail. Some of the common yet unheeded complaints are seeing flying lines, spots and objects, seeing objects in different colors and shapes, inability to see some objects on a flat surface, flashes, etc. These complaints may be either the resultants of simple cases not requiring treatment or indicatives of severe eye disorders. If a case requiring treatment is in question, it is a serious one and should be treated immediately.

Examining Eye Movements

• Examination of eye movements is of essential especially for infants and children. Parents may not notice existing diplopia or other eye movement disorders in children. On the other hand, sometimes they may be suspicious of a cross-eye although there is not any abnormality. Objective tests should be performed in order to decide whether your child has a problem such as cross-eye or pseudo-diplopia. In diplopia examination, different methods like opening-closing tests, prism tests, examination with special lenses, synoptophor or Hess curtain are used. Factor impairing sight may be congenital (anomaly) or due to a disease connected with cataract, glaucoma, tumor or optic nerve. Early detection of the factors leading to cross-eye is of essential in terms of repairing sight and treating the cross-eye.

Detection and Map of Corneal Curvatures

• Some of the patients who come to examination due to visual impairments may not get a favorable result from eyeglasses or other treatment instruments recommended by ophthalmologist. The principle cause is that some cornea-related disorders or diseases may not be detected during eye examination. Irregular astigmatism and keratoconus are the leading ones. Special examinations should be performed in order to detect these disorders.

  Topography examination which is used in laser examinations as well ensures the refractivity mapping of cornea and detection of corneal disorders.

  Determination of Corneal Thickness

  Determination of corneal thickness is of essential for those who would like to undergo a laser surgery and get rid of eyeglasses. Additionally, corneal thickness may be measured for diagnostic purposes. Corneal thickness measurement is important especially for determining intraocular pressure. Studies reveal that people with thicker cornea may have higher intraocular pressure. Thanks to corneal thickness measurement, both suspicious patients of glaucoma may be kept away from misdiagnosis and patients who were misdiagnosed with glaucoma may be revealed.

Detailed Eye Examinations

• Eye ultrasonography is made use of when it is impossible to see the back side of the eye in spite of examination or the tissues around eyeball should be evaluated. Visual ability begins with eye and takes place when the brain section at the back of our head detects the image. Furthermore, different reflexes and eye movements are controlled by certain sections of our brain. For the purpose of evaluating the sections which we are and are not able to see regarding these systems, standard x-ray films, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, carotid artery ultrasonography and medicated examinations are carried out. On the other hand, diagnosis of diseases related to eye nerve layer and choroid is performed with the help of examinations such as indocyyanine green angiography and fundus fluorescein angiography by administering medication through arm. Owing to visual field examinations, glaucoma and optic tracts diseases are detected and the course of disease is followed up.

Measurement of Eye Structures

It is possible to measure the eyelids, lid gaps, corneal width and height and the distance between two eyes with the help of a ruler. On the other hand, forward protrusion of the eye is measured with a special instrument called Hertel exophtalmometer. Measurements such as front-back length of the eye, thickness of lens and front camera depth are carried out with ultrasonic waves. Thanks to these measurements, position of the eyelids, possible ptosis, corneal size and whether the forward protrusion of the eye is normal and the values of intraocular measurements may be found out.

Dilated Examination

After putting dilating drops in the eyes in order to make pupils bigger and waiting for approximately 30 minutes, eye number is determined and a detailed fundus oculi (retina, choroid and nerve layer) examination is performed.